| Questions 1 - 5 refer to the following article. The Trans-Siberian railway is commonly regarded as the world's longest train ride. The railway is in fact composed of a network of interconnecting lines, but the most famous route connects the Russian capital Moscow approximately 9000km east to Beijing, China. There are two primary routes that descend from eastern Russia to China; the first branches south near the famous Lake Baikal and crosses the mighty Mongolian plateau, stopping in at Ulaanbaatar before reaching Beijing. The opportunity to take in the mighty views at Lake Baikal, as well sleeping in a yurt (nomadic tent) or witnessing traditional Mongolian horse racing render this route the most desirable option for most sightseeing passengers. A second line branches off further east and crosses directly from Russia to Beijing via Manchuria, the northeastern region of China that borders North Korea. The main east to west line in Russia continues all the way the coast, terminating at the harbour city of Vladivostok. This leaves the visitor with a variety of route options, but the most common is to begin in Moscow or further north at historical St. Petersberg, and then travel east, stopping in at Lake Baikal and then Mongolia, and terminating in Beijing, or the identical route in reverse. Without once alighting, the journey takes 8 days and nights. However, the bulk of visitors opt to break up the journey into multiple legs broken up with sightseeing tours. There are an abundance of highly scenic, culturally unique, and rustic eco-friendly crowds to entice travelers from the comfort of their bunks. Booking the Trans-Siberian in no simple affair. Visa regulations provide the primary obstacle. Chinese visas are often best obtained in one's home country. They typically require a hand written itinerary detailing the visitors intended route. The process is similar for a Mongolian visa, and while some travelers report that it is possible to obtain one in Beijing, it is not recommended unless absolutely necessary. Waiting times are long, bureaucracy frustrating, and the success of your application is by no means guaranteed. The Russian visa is perhaps the most complicated step in the process. Prior to submission of documents, the applicant is required to obtain a letter of invitation from within his or her home country. This requires some sort of Russian contact or travel agent who can assist you. Finally, upon entry to the country the visitor must register with a local immigration office. 西伯利亞鐵路通常被視為是世上最長的鐵路. 事實上這條鐵路是由鐵路線連接網所組成, 但是最有名的一段路線從俄羅斯首都莫斯科向東約9000公里連接中國北京。有兩條主要的鐵道從東俄羅斯到中國：第一條鐵道在貝加爾湖附近向南行, 跨過宏偉的蒙古高原, 在烏蘭巴托一站後直達北京。在貝加爾湖旅客有機會一覽壯麗的湖景, 也可以睡在遊牧民族的圓頂帳篷中. 對觀光客來說, 這條路線最令人嚮往的則是可以看見傳統蒙古人乘駕馬背呼嘯而過的場景。 第二條支線向更遠的東邊前進,起於俄羅斯直接穿越中國東北方與北韓交界的東北九省直達北京。俄羅斯主要東西幹線直達海岸, 停靠在港口市 Vladivostok (海參威)。這條路線留給旅客多種的路線選擇, 但是最常見的一條路線從莫斯科或從更北的歷史古都 St. Petersberg (聖彼得茲堡) 向東行,停靠在貝加爾湖, 蒙古利亞然後目的地直達北京,抑或是反向走相同的路線也可。中途若不停靠, 整個旅程需要八天。然而, 大部份的旅客選擇將整個旅程分散成數個觀光旅程. 這條路線有大量評價很高的景點, 文化獨特和態度友善的鄉下村民使得旅行者離開他們舒適的床鋪。 西伯利亞鐵路的訂位可不是件容易的事。簽證的規定是最主要的阻礙。大陸簽證通常最好能在自己的國家取得。他們基本上需要手寫的遊客的旅遊行程細項 。蒙古簽證的申請程序大同小異, 當有些旅客則表示也可以在北京申請,若非必要通常都會建議不要。因等待時間過長,官員刁難還不保證申請一定會過關。俄羅斯簽證的申請過程或許是最困難的。事先呈交文件, 申請人在他的國家得先收到邀請信。這個部份需要俄羅斯的連絡人或是旅行社幫忙。最後, 入境前遊客一定還要在當地的移民局登記才能入境。 guarantee (v) 保證 descend (v) 下傾, (+to) 屈尊;(+from) 為…的後裔, 來自於 yurt (n) (遊牧民族) 圓頂帳篷 nomadic (adj) 遊牧的; 流浪的 plateau (n) 高原 mighty (adj) 強大的,巨大的; (adv) 非常地 render (v) 成為; 提供,付給 (+to), 放棄(+up); 歸還(+back); 以…回報(+for); 翻譯(+in/into); 提取(脂肪)(+down) identical (adj) 同一的; 完全相同的 (+to/with); 同卵的 alight (v) (從車輛、馬背)下來(+from); boggle (v) 退縮, 驚奇,弄壞; (n)猶豫,驚奇 bulk (n) 體積,大塊, 肥大身軀, 大部份 opt (v) 選擇 rustic (adj) 鄉下的,農村的; (n) 鄉村居民 bureaucracy (n) 官僚 submission (+to) 投降; 遞交物 |
| Questions 6 - 8 refer to the following article. Percentage of Unmarried Men and Women Aged 35-40  Calling all teenagers and young adults! Have you ever wondered what your odds are of being hitched by the time you reach your mid 30s? Well, we have checked the records over the last 10 years and now we want to publish our finds. You will note that if you are female, then you are slightly more likely to be married, but you may be a little more concerned to note that for both males and females, the numbers of unmarried individuals are consistently on the rise, so you'd better start looking for that Mr. or Mrs. Right! This chart has been prepared by the National Survey Institute of Taiwan, and refers specifically to marital figures as reported in the Taipei metropolitan region. Information was procured through a combination of voluntary survey by telephone and consultation of government census figures from the last decade. 35~40歲未婚男女百分比 所有的青少年和年輕人注意了! 你是否曾經想過當你到35歲時被'套住'的可能性有多少? 在過去10年來我們調查了所有的紀錄而現在我們即將要發表我們的發現。你會注意到假如你是女性, 那時差不多都會結婚, 但也許你為有點擔心男性和女性的未婚率持續的升高。所以你最好開始尋找理想對象吧! 這張表格由台灣民調機構所製作, 表格特定台北市區的婚姻狀況報告。資訊取得來自於過去10年電話和政府普查諮詢的自願民調。 |
| Questions 9 - 13 refer to the following article. Established in 1961, the WWF (World Wildlife Fund) is an international non-governmental organization, which originally sought to rescue endangered animals, particularly in the isolated corners of the globe. Today the organization has expanded the entire idea and is now more focused on broader issues such as restoration and conservation of the environment. To represent this mission change, the organization adopted the name World Wildlife Fund for Nature, though it retains the original title in Canada and the United States. The WWF was established by a core group of concerned individuals. It widely expanded throughout the 1960s and 70s and at present it is seen as the largest non-governmental environmental organization in the world. It has more than five million supporters, has engaged with approximately 90 countries and has 1300 environmental projects underway around the world. 60% of its financial resources come from voluntary support, with 45% of total donations coming from the United States, the UK and the Netherlands. The WWF adopts a scientific approach to environmental conservation, focusing strategic efforts on threatened species and habitats of global priority. Specific attention is given to the various biomes of the world, including forests, oceans, and freshwater ecosystems, which contain the highest biodiversity on earth. Various campaigns and direct forms of action are presented to the public through a variety of media, including newsletters, e-mail action alerts, a variety of national websites, and street teams. Innovative programs such as 'Earth Hour', 'Adopt a Polar Bear' and other symbolic wildlife adoptions entice common people to offer financial support, while more committed individuals are encouraged to participate in more involved forms of action. Embedded in the organization's philosophy is recognition of the need to engage with local communities, governments, and various related organizations in the struggle to save the environment. In combination with this cooperative approach, much emphasis is also put on individual effort and the role of every global villager to take action in reducing pollution, waste, and other activities harmful to the world environment. What they strive to achieve is a global effort for the healthy co-existence of humans and animals on the planet which we share. WWF-世界野生動物基金會是一個 在1961年創立非政府事業的國際性組織. 這個組織原旨在於解救瀕臨絕種的動物, 尤其是那些在被人忽略在地球角落的. 現今, 這個組織已經將整個概念擴展, 而更加專注於一些較為廣泛的議題上, 像是自然環境的重建與保護. 為了呈現使命的改變, 這個組織採用了新名-- 世界自然基金會, 雖然在加拿大和美國還繼續沿用原有的名字. WWF主要由一群擔憂環境的人所共同建立的. 在60至70年代間WWF大大的擴展, 目前是世界上最大的非政府環境組織. 這個組織擁有超過5百萬的支持者, 目前與大約90個國家與其合作, 而且在全球有1300個環境計畫在進行當中. 這個組織百分之60的經濟來源於志願性支持, 其中有百分之45捐款來自於美國, 英國和荷蘭. 對於環境保護, WWF採用科學化的方法有策略的把焦點放在受威脅的物種以及地球棲息地. 具體而指地球上多樣化的生物群落而言, 包括森林, 海洋或是容納最多樣物種的淡水生態系統. 各式不同的環境保護競賽和行動則經由各大媒體,包括報紙, 電子郵件, 各類家網站和掃街團體而呈現在世人眼前. 當更多愛環境保護的人們被鼓勵以實際的參與以示其志的同時, 這個組織也推出一些創新計畫, 像是'地球一小時', '認養北極熊'或其他象徵性的野生動物認養活動來吸引一般民眾提供經濟的協助. 這個組織深深相信參與這些為拯救自然環境而奮鬥當地社群, 政府, 各種相關組織的活動是必要的。此外, 個人努力的重要性和每一個地球公民實際行動減少污染, 不浪費和免於傷害地球環境的行為特別是與其合作的重點. 這個組織為了地球上人類和動物共同生存而努力. biodiversity (n) 生物多樣性 campaign (n) 戰役,競選活動, (+against)運動, 活動 ; (v) (+for/against) 參加運動, 參加競選 newsletter (n) 通訊 innovative (adj) 創新的 symbolic (adj) (+of) 作為象徵的 entice (v) (+to) 誘使 embed (v) 栽種(花); 深留腦中 co-existence (n) 共存 in combination with 與…結合 biome (n) 生物群落 ecosystem (n) 生態系統 established (adj) 已建立的 originally (adv) 原來, 獨創 conservation (n) 保育 mission (n) 使命; (v) 向…傳教 core (n) (+of) 核心, 精髓; (v) 除以…核果 underway (adj) 在進行中的 donation (n) 捐贈 Netherlands (n) 荷蘭 strategic (adj) 戰略的 habitat (n) (動物)棲息地; (植物)產地 priority (n) 優先 |
| Questions 14 - 16 refer to the following article. April 1, 2010 Tim Armstrong Director, Human Resource Department Suite 35, Edmonton Tower, 36th Ave. New York City, NY 11000 Dear Mr. Armstrong, Please find enclosed my resume and application form for the temporary position of Archaeological Lab Assistant as advertised in the Weekly Job Hunting magazine. I believe that I possess the skills and experience that are required for the position, and I have full availability throughout the duration of summer as I will be on break from my studies at the University of New York. I am currently on the verge of completion of my 3rd year of an anthropology degree with a focus on Native American archaeology. My area of specialization is on pottery patterns from the pre-colonial period, and therefore my theoretical knowledge is directly relevant to the position being posted. In the meantime, I am also getting hands on field experience, as I have participated in two local excavations. At last, I am dependable, punctual, and a good team player. I look forward to hearing from you in the near future, and please don't hesitate to contact the references that I have provided. Sincerely, Douglas Johnson 2010年4月1日 11000 紐約洲, 紐約市, 36大道, Edmonton大樓, 35室 Tim Armstrong 收 人力資源部主任 摯愛的阿姆斯壯先生, 請看內附的履歷和申請表是為了申請登在Weekly Job Hunting雜誌上考古學實驗室短期助理的職缺 。我相信我擁有所需的能力和經驗兩者都符合這份職缺的資格, 而且紐約大學學年中的暑假空擋我可以完全配合。 目前我快完成人類學中以北美原著民考古學為主修的第三年。我的專業領域專攻殖民前的陶器花色, 因此我的理論知識與刊登的職缺是直接相關的。我也同時具有參與兩個當地的出土行動的實習經驗。最後, 我是個可靠, 守時且愛好團隊的人。 期待很快能聽到你的回覆。請別猶豫連絡我所提供的介紹人。 誠摯, Douglas Johnson enclose (v) (+with/by)圍住 temporary (adj) 暫時的 archaeological (adj) 考古學的 advertise (v) 登廣告 availability (n) 有效, (人/物) 可得性 duration (n) 持續期間 verge (n) 邊緣 anthropology (n) 人類學 specialization (n) 專門 theoretical (adj) 理論的, 假設的 relevant (adj) (=to)相關的 excavation (n) 出土, 挖掘 |
| Questions 17 - 20 refer to the following article. Hostelling International is a vast network of youth hostels found in more than 80 countries throughout the world. The modern concept of youth hostels for travelers can be traced back to 1909 in Germany, where a schoolteacher named Richard Shirrmann opened up dormitories for passing school groups. Three years later the youth hostel was relocated to the Altena Castle, where it is still operational to this day. By 1919, Shirrmann founded the German Youth Hostel Association, the first organized network of Youth Hostels in the world. The hostel movement expanded rapidly across Europe and to other regions of the world, and in 1932 it was consolidated into the International Youth Hostel Federation, frequently referred to as 'Hostelling International', or simply 'HI'. To this day there are over 4500 member hostels throughout the world. The current head office for Hostelling International is located in Welwyn Garden City, England, but many countries also maintain national offices. The organization has official NGO (non-governmental organization) status and works on a non-profit basis in conjunction with UNESCO (the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). Initially, youth hostels required chores in addition to payment, but in an increasingly competitive market, most have abandoned this practice. Rules and regulations are highly varied, but generally speaking member hostels offer discounted rates for shared accommodation, including public facilities such as washrooms, kitchens, storage area, local information, and social activities. In recent times, guests must possess a member card, but in some cases non-members can stay for a slightly higher rate. 國際青年旅舍聯盟是全世界在超過80的國家成立的青年旅舍的廣大網絡。現代青年旅舍的構想可追溯到1909的德國有位名叫 Richard Shirrmann的學校老師敞開宿舍大門來接待過路的學校團體。三年後青年旅社重新在Altena堡開張自此營運至今。1919年Shirrmann成立德國青年旅舍協會,這是世界上第一個有組織的青年旅舍網。 青年旅舍運動快速擴大至全歐及世界上其他地區, 在1932年則被合併成國際青年之家聯盟, 常被稱為'國際旅舍'或簡稱'HI'。直到今天全球有超過4500會員旅社。目前國際旅社的總公司位於英國 Welwyn Garden市, 但許多國家也有自己的辦事處。這個組織是正式性非政府組織狀態且以非營利的基礎結合（ UNESCO ）聯合國教科文組織。 最初, 國際青年旅舍聯盟要求以做雜事換取費用, 但在個競爭快速的市場下, 大部份的旅社都以放棄這樣的實施方式。規則和規定大不相同, 但基本上旅舍會員會為併房旅客提供折價, 還包括共用澡間、廚房、存放區域及當地訊息等公共設備及社交活動。近年來, 房客需持有會員卡, 但某些情況下非會員多付一點價錢也可入住。 concept (n) 概念, 思想 operational (adj) 經營上的 consolidated (adj) 統一的; 團結的 federation (n) 聯盟 in conjunction with 與…搭配 Initially (adv) 最初地 competitive (adj) 有競爭性的 abandoned (adj) 被遺棄的 storage (n) 儲存 |
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